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  INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, intricately weaves its way into the lives of millions globally, presenting a myriad of challenges for both individuals and healthcare professionals. This comprehensive exploration aims to unravel the layers of PD, delving into its complex etiology, intricate pathophysiological processes, multifaceted symptoms, diagnostic intricacies, and evolving management strategies. ETIOLOGY Genetic Factors: A subset of Parkinson's cases (15-25%) exhibits a familial predisposition, implicating specific genes like SNCA, LRRK2, and Parkin. These genetic mutations contribute to the onset of familial Parkinson's disease. Environmental Factors: Pesticide and herbicide exposure, industrial chemicals, and rural living have been associated with an elevated risk of PD. The intricate interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental toxins remains an active area of research. Age-Related Factors: Parkinson's disease

Understanding the Importance of Anatomical Pulleys in Physiotherapy As a physiotherapy student, it is essential to have a good understanding of the human body's anatomy and how it works. One of the essential structures in the body that plays a significant role in movement and biomechanics is the anatomical pulley. In this article, we will explore what an anatomical pulley is, its types, and its importance in physiotherapy. What is an Anatomical Pulley? A pulley is a simple mechanical machine that consists of a wheel that turns readily on the axle, usually grooved for a rope or a wire cable. In the human body, the pulley is replaced by a bone, cartilage, or ligament, and the cord is replaced by a muscle tendon. The tendon is lubricated by synovial fluid, and the surface of the tendon is covered by a thin visceral synovial membrane. The tendon is lubricated so that it may easily slide over the pulley. Classification of Anatomical Pulleys There are mainly four classes of pulleys