#stayfitwithanand

The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is a primary stabilizer of the knee joint, critical for maintaining knee stability, especially against valgus stress (force applied from the outer side of the knee). Injury to the MCL is common in both athletic and non-athletic populations, particularly in contact sports, and can range from mild sprains to complete tears. Understanding the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate physiotherapy interventions is essential for effective management and rehabilitation. In this comprehensive review, we explore the medical details of MCL injuries, from the mechanisms of injury to the physiotherapeutic management strategies for different grades of ligament damage. Anatomy and Function of the Medial Collateral Ligament The MCL is a broad, fibrous band that runs along the medial aspect of the knee. It consists of two distinct anatomical components: Superficial Layer : This is the primary stabilizing component, running from the medial femoral epico...

The complex joint known as the sacroiliac (SI) joint connects the ilium, one of the pelvic bones, to the sacrum, the triangular bone at the base of the spine.  Understanding the sacroiliac joint's anatomy is essential to comprehend how it works and the conditions that can affect it. Let's examine its structure and makeup in more detail. Bones: The articulation of the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium results in the formation of the sacroiliac joint.  Rough, asymmetrical regions with fibrocartilage cover the auricular surfaces. The synovial portion of the sacrum and the ilium together make up the majority of the joint. Ligaments: The sacroiliac joint is stabilized and supported by several ligaments. These consist of: Anterior sacroiliac ligament: This powerful ligament strengthens the front of the joint by joining the anterior surface of the sacrum to the iliac fossa. Posterior sacroiliac ligament: This ligament supports the back of the joint by joining the ilium to ...

Flexion The movement that Reduces the angle between the articular surface and ending in nature. Example., Elbow flexion.    hyperflexion  is excessive flexion at a joint. Hyperextension injuries are common at hinge joints such as the knee or elbow. Extension Stretching movement and opposite to flexion which is Increase the angle between the articular surface. Example., Elbow Extension  Hyperextension  is the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury. Abduction A movement where bony Segments move away from the midline.  Adduction A movement where bony Segments move towards the midline. Abduction  and  adduction  motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb. Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across ...