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Golfer’s elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis , medial epicondylalgia , or medial epicondylosis, involves the common flexor/pronator tendon at the tenoperiosteal junction near the medial epicondyle. It is associated with repetitive movements into wrist flexion, such as swinging a golf club, pitching a ball, or work-related grasping, shuffling papers and lifting heavy objects. Concomitant ulnar neuropathy is often an associated finding.                                                    Positive tests of provocation include palpation tenderness on or near the medial epicondyle, pain with resisted wrist flexion performed with the elbow extended, and pain with passive wrist extension performed with the elbow extended. Etiology of Symptoms                      The most common cause of epicondylalgia is excessive repetitive use or eccentric strain of the wrist or forearm muscles. The result is microdamage and partial tears, usually near the musculotendinous junction when th

Tennis elbow is commonly called lateral epicondylitis, lateral epicondylalgia , or lateral epicondylitis depending on whether inflammation is present or not. Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) problems usually occur in persons 35 years of age or older and in those who use a great deal of wrist flexion and extension in their occupations or activities, requiring wrist stabilization in slight extension Symptoms include pain in the common wrist extensor tendons along the lateral epicondyle and HR joint with gripping activities. Activities requiring firm wrist stability, such as the backhand stroke in tennis, or repetitive work tasks that require repeated wrist extension, such as computer keyboarding or pulling weeds in a garden, can stress the musculotendinous unit and cause symptoms.                      The most frequent location of involvement is in the musculotendinous junction of the extensor carpi radialis brevis although the extensor communis is also involved in many pa

What is the Role of a physiotherapist in Coughing? An effective cough is necessary to  eliminate respiratory obstructions  and keep the  lungs clear.  Coughing is one of the most common  Lung Airway clearance technique  which is performed by a person acting with minor instruction by therapist or instructors. Airway clearance is an important part of the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory conditions. A cough may be reflexive or voluntary. When a person coughs, a series of actions occur, we call it as An effective cough is necessary to  eliminate respiratory obstructions  and keep the  lungs clear.  Coughing is one of the most common  Lung Airway clearance technique  which is performed by a person acting with minor instruction by therapist or instructors. Airway clearance is an important part of the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory conditions., it includes: 1. The patient inhales air by the nose ( Deep inspiration occurs ) 2. Air tra

The ankle/foot complex is structurally analogous to the wrist-hand complex of the upper extremity but has a number of distinct differences to optimize its primary role to bear weight. The complementing structures of the foot allow the foot to sustain large weight-bearing. the bones of the foot are traditionally divided into three functional segments. These are the hindfoot (posterior segment), composed of the talus and calcaneus ; the midfoot (middle segment) , composed of the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones ; and the forefoot (anterior segment) , composed of the metatarsals and the phalanges. These terms are commonly used in descriptions of ankle or foot dysfunction or deformity and are similarly useful in understanding normal ankle and foot function. The three motions of the ankle/foot complex that approximate cardinal planes and axes are dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion, inversion/eversion, and abduction/adduction. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are motions that occur

The abnormal end feels, several of which have subdivisions and each of which is commonly associated with some degree of pain or restricted movement. classified in Five : 1) Muscle Spasm :  This end feel is invoked by movement, with a sudden dramatic arrest of movement often accompanied by pain. The end feel is sudden and hard. An early muscle spasm occurs early in the ROM, almost as soon as movement starts; this type of muscle spasm is associated with inflammation and is seen in more acute conditions. A late muscle spasm occurs at or near the end of the ROM. It is usually caused by instability and the resulting irritability caused by movement. 2) Capsular : this end feel is similar to tissue stretch. present earliest in ROM. ROM is reduced.  this end feel can be classified into hard capsular , in which the end feel has a thicker stretching quality to it, and soft capsular (boggy), which is similar to normal tissue stretch end feel but with a restricted ROM.

The bridge exercise is a backbend, a core strengthener, and a balance pose all in one. Bridging exercise, a closed chain weight-bearing exercise, is an exercise that increases muscular strength of the hip extensors and promotes trunk stability. The bridge exercise is a great way to isolate and strengthen the gluteus (butt) muscles and hamstrings (back of the thigh).   If you do this exercise correctly, you also will find that it is good core stability and strength exercise that targets the abdominal muscles as well as the muscles of the lower back and hip. It's also known as the hip raise. It is often prescribed for patients with back pain and increases the activities of trunk stabilization muscles such as the internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinal muscles. The bridge exercise is considered a basic rehab exercise to improve core and spinal stabilization. It's considered to be a safe exercise for those with back issues. If you sit all day,

Iliopsoas Iliacus also is known as the iliopsoas(Iliopsoas Iliacus + Iliopsoas Psoas major). this refers as two muscles which are separate in the abdomen but merges while inserted and thus known as the joint iliopsoas. Origin of the iliopsoas Iliopsoas originates from iliac fossa & crest, lateral sacrum separately. Iliopsoas Psoas major Originates from transverse processes of L1-L5, bodies & discs of T12-L5. Insertion of the iliopsoas The iliopsoas is inserted on the lesser trochanter of the femur as one tendon. The action of the iliopsoas The iliopsoas( Iliopsoas Iliacus + Iliopsoas Psoas major ) is the prime mover of thigh flexion.iliopsoas is also responsible for lateral flexion of the vertebral column(psoas). Nerve Supply of the iliopsoas The iliopsoas is supplied with Femoral nerve (L2-L4) (Iliacus), Anterior rami of sacral plexus (L1-L3 ) (Psoas major). Ili