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Ultrasound (US) is a mechanical (not electrical) form of energy, and therefore, strictly speaking, it is not really electrotherapy at all, but it falls into electrotherapy. Ultrasound is applied using the head of an ultrasound probe that is placed in direct contact with your skin via a transmission coupling gel. this probe is having electricity as a basic source of energy, which is being converted into mechanical forms into sound or we can say waveforms energy. The sound energy is known as mechanical vibration at increasing frequencies.  The normal range of human sound is from 16 Hz to something close to 15-20,000 Hz (in kids and young adults). Beyond that upper limit, the ultrasound is known as the mechanical vibration. Usually, the frequencies used in therapy vary from 1.0 and 3.0 MHz (1 MHz= 1 million cycles per second). Sound waves are longitudinal waves consisting of compression and rarefaction zones. Particles of material will oscillate about a fixed point wh

If you have a lower extremity injury or have had hip, knee, or ankle surgery, you may benefit from physical therapy to help you fully recover. Exercises may be prescribed to improve the mobility of your leg. The straight leg raise exercise is one of the physical therapy staples that can help improve your lower extremity strength and help improve your function related to walking. How to Perform SLR? 1. Sit or lie down on your back 2. Bend the knee of your non-affected leg to a 90-degree angle keeping your foot flat on the floor. 3. Tighten the muscles on your affected leg or straight leg by trying to contract your quadriceps muscles. 4. Keep your quadriceps muscles tightened, and then slowly lift the affected leg off the floor. it should be around in full range, approximately 15-18cm. it can be varied from patient to Patient. 5. hold the leg off. 6. slowly down the affected leg to the floor. 7. Relax and repeat. repetition may vary. ask your Physiotherapist for

The push up may just be the perfect exercise that builds both upper body and core strength if  Done properly, it is a compound exercise that uses muscles in the chest, shoulders, triceps, back, abs, and even the legs. A pushup uses your own body weight as resistance, working your upper body and core at the same time. A push-up (or press-up) is a common calisthenics exercise performed in a prone position by raising and lowering the body using the arms. Push-ups exercise the pectoral muscles, triceps, and anterior deltoids, with ancillary benefits to the rest of the deltoids, serratus anterior, coracobrachialis and the midsection as a whole. Push-ups are a basic exercise used in civilian athletic training or physical education and commonly in military physical training. They are also a common form of punishment used in the military, school sport, or in some martial arts disciplines. How To Perform PUSHUP? 1.  Lie on the floor face down and place your hands about 30-38 inches

The types of exercise selected for resistance training are dependent on several factors, as well as the cause and extent of primary and secondary impairments. Deficits in muscle performance, the stage of tissue healing, the condition of joints and their tolerance to compression and movement, the overall talents (physical and cognitive) of the patient, the supply of kit, and after all, the patient’s goals and therefore the intended purposeful outcomes of the program should be thought of. A Physiotherapist helps to style a resistance exercise program to satisfy the individual with what he or she wants. there's nobody best type or kind of resistance coaching. the categories of exercise bestowed during this section square measure static (isometric) and dynamic, coaxal and eccentric, isokinetic, and aliphatic and closed-ring exercise, further as manual and mechanical and constant and variable resistance exercises. the advantages, limitations, and applications of each of those

What is the Fick Principle? The Fick principle and Fick equation are named after A. Fick, a cardiovascular physiologist who developed the principle in the 1870s. The amount of oxygen delivered to tissue can be calculated using the Fick principle. The Fick principle states that the amount of a substance removed from the blood passing through an organ per unit of time can be calculated by multiplying the blood flow through the organ times the arterial concentration minus the venous concentration of that substance.  The Fick principle can be used to calculate oxygen consumption for the entire body or for a specific tissue or organ. In the case of oxygen consumption for the entire body, the Fick principle results in the following equation:  VO₂ = Q × a-v O₂ difference  where  Q equals cardiac output and, a-v O₂ difference  equals arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference . This equation can be used to calculate oxygen consumption at rest, at submaximal worklo

Abdominal crunches primarily work on abdominal muscles and it is widely used as general body workout and abdominal muscles strengthening. How to Do Abdominal Crunches? 1. Lie down on the floor on your back and bend your knees, placing your hands behind your head or across your chest. Some people find that crossing the arms over the chest helps them avoid pulling on the neck. 2. If you are putting your hands behind your head, your fingers should gently cradle your head. The idea is to support your neck without taking away from the work of your abs. 3. Pull your belly button towards your spine in preparation for the movement.  4. Slowly contract your abdominals, bringing your shoulder blades about one or two inches off the floor. 5. Exhale as you come up and keep your neck straight, chin up. Imagine you're holding a tennis ball under your chin. That's about the angle you want to keep the chin the entire time. 6. Slowly lower back down. 7. Repetation

The Pectoralis major is a muscle of the pectoral region. This muscle along with the Pectoralis minor, Subclavius and Serratus anterior forms the pectoral region. It is the largest muscle in this region. Morphologically it is thin and fan-shaped. It is characterized by 2 heads, the large Sternocostal head, and the small Clavicular head. ORIGIN The Sternocostal head arises from- Medial parts of 2nd-6th costal cartilages and aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen. Lateral half of the anterior surface of the sternum up to 6th costal cartilage. The Clavicular head arises from the medial half of the anterior aspect of the clavicle. INSERTION Pectoralis major is inserted by a bilaminar tendon on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. This tendon has an anterior lamina and a posterior lamina. Anterior lamina is thick, short and is formed by clavicular fibers. Posterior lamina is thin, long and is formed by sternocostal and aponeurotic fi