#stayfitwithanand

MONTEGGIA FRACTURE-DISLOCATION  is a fracture of the upper third of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius. It is caused by a fall on an outstretched hand.   It may also result from a direct blow on the back of the upper forearm during injury. MONTEGGIA FRACTURE-DISLOCATION ( XRAY) TYPES                      This Fracture is Classified into two main categories depending upon the angulation of the ulna fracture – extension and flexion type. The extension type is the commoner of the two, where the ulna fracture angulates anteriorly (extends) and the radial head dislocates anteriorly. The flexion type is where the ulna fracture angulates posteriorly (flexes) and the radial head dislocates posteriorly. DIAGNOSIS                     In a case with an isolated fracture of the ulna in its upper half, a dislocation of the head of the radius should be carefully looked for anteriorly dislocated head of the radius. TREATMENT                      This is a very unst

The following definitions are informational and Represent characteristics of open- chain exercises  and closed-chain exercises . they are presented for understanding and for the discussion of open-chain exercises and closed-chain exercises described throughout this Blog.it is also referred to as  kinetic exercise. Kinetic Exercise Refers to  body kinetic which is Representing the Kinematic changes occurring in rhythm in the body. Open-Chain Exercises Open-chain exercises involve motions in which the distal segment (hand or foot/the joint far from the joint where the movement is occurring) is free to move in space, without necessarily causing simultaneous motions at adjacent joints. Limb movement only occurs distal to the moving joint, and muscle activation occurs in the muscles that cross the moving joint.  For example, during knee flexion in an open-chain exercise. , the action of the hamstrings is independent of recruitment of other hip or ankle musculature in  k

Golfer’s elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis , medial epicondylalgia , or medial epicondylosis, involves the common flexor/pronator tendon at the tenoperiosteal junction near the medial epicondyle. It is associated with repetitive movements into wrist flexion, such as swinging a golf club, pitching a ball, or work-related grasping, shuffling papers and lifting heavy objects. Concomitant ulnar neuropathy is often an associated finding.                                                    Positive tests of provocation include palpation tenderness on or near the medial epicondyle, pain with resisted wrist flexion performed with the elbow extended, and pain with passive wrist extension performed with the elbow extended. Etiology of Symptoms                      The most common cause of epicondylalgia is excessive repetitive use or eccentric strain of the wrist or forearm muscles. The result is microdamage and partial tears, usually near the musculotendinous junction when th

Tennis elbow is commonly called lateral epicondylitis, lateral epicondylalgia , or lateral epicondylitis depending on whether inflammation is present or not. Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) problems usually occur in persons 35 years of age or older and in those who use a great deal of wrist flexion and extension in their occupations or activities, requiring wrist stabilization in slight extension Symptoms include pain in the common wrist extensor tendons along the lateral epicondyle and HR joint with gripping activities. Activities requiring firm wrist stability, such as the backhand stroke in tennis, or repetitive work tasks that require repeated wrist extension, such as computer keyboarding or pulling weeds in a garden, can stress the musculotendinous unit and cause symptoms.                      The most frequent location of involvement is in the musculotendinous junction of the extensor carpi radialis brevis although the extensor communis is also involved in many pa

What is the Role of a physiotherapist in Coughing? An effective cough is necessary to  eliminate respiratory obstructions  and keep the  lungs clear.  Coughing is one of the most common  Lung Airway clearance technique  which is performed by a person acting with minor instruction by therapist or instructors. Airway clearance is an important part of the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory conditions. A cough may be reflexive or voluntary. When a person coughs, a series of actions occur, we call it as An effective cough is necessary to  eliminate respiratory obstructions  and keep the  lungs clear.  Coughing is one of the most common  Lung Airway clearance technique  which is performed by a person acting with minor instruction by therapist or instructors. Airway clearance is an important part of the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory conditions., it includes: 1. The patient inhales air by the nose ( Deep inspiration occurs ) 2. Air tra

The ankle/foot complex is structurally analogous to the wrist-hand complex of the upper extremity but has a number of distinct differences to optimize its primary role to bear weight. The complementing structures of the foot allow the foot to sustain large weight-bearing. the bones of the foot are traditionally divided into three functional segments. These are the hindfoot (posterior segment), composed of the talus and calcaneus ; the midfoot (middle segment) , composed of the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones ; and the forefoot (anterior segment) , composed of the metatarsals and the phalanges. These terms are commonly used in descriptions of ankle or foot dysfunction or deformity and are similarly useful in understanding normal ankle and foot function. The three motions of the ankle/foot complex that approximate cardinal planes and axes are dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion, inversion/eversion, and abduction/adduction. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are motions that occur

The abnormal end feels, several of which have subdivisions and each of which is commonly associated with some degree of pain or restricted movement. classified in Five : 1) Muscle Spasm :  This end feel is invoked by movement, with a sudden dramatic arrest of movement often accompanied by pain. The end feel is sudden and hard. An early muscle spasm occurs early in the ROM, almost as soon as movement starts; this type of muscle spasm is associated with inflammation and is seen in more acute conditions. A late muscle spasm occurs at or near the end of the ROM. It is usually caused by instability and the resulting irritability caused by movement. 2) Capsular : this end feel is similar to tissue stretch. present earliest in ROM. ROM is reduced.  this end feel can be classified into hard capsular , in which the end feel has a thicker stretching quality to it, and soft capsular (boggy), which is similar to normal tissue stretch end feel but with a restricted ROM.